§ 98.6 Definitions.

All terms used in this part shall have the same meaning given in the Clean Air Act and in this section.

Absorbent circulation pump means a pump commonly powered by natural gas pressure that circulates the absorbent liquid between the absorbent regenerator and natural gas contactor.

Accuracy of a measurement at a specified level (e.g., one percent of full scale or one percent of the value measured) means that the mean of repeat measurements made by a device or technique are within 95 percent of the range bounded by the true value plus or minus the specified level.

Acid Rain Program means the program established under title IV of the Clean Air Act, and implemented under parts 72 through 78 of this chapter for the reduction of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides emissions.

Administrator means the Administrator of the United States Environmental Protection Agency or the Administrator's authorized representative.

AGA means the American Gas Association

Agricultural by-products means those parts of arable crops that are not used for the primary purpose of producing food. Agricultural by-products include, but are not limited to, oat, corn and wheat straws, bagasse, peanut shells, rice and coconut husks, soybean hulls, palm kernel cake, cottonseed and sunflower seed cake, and pomace.

Air injected flare means a flare in which air is blown into the base of a flare stack to induce complete combustion of gas.

Alkali bypass means a duct between the feed end of the kiln and the preheater tower through which a portion of the kiln exit gas stream is withdrawn and quickly cooled by air or water to avoid excessive buildup of alkali, chloride and/or sulfur on the raw feed. This may also be referred to as the “kiln exhaust gas bypass.”

Anaerobic digester means the system where wastes are collected and anaerobically digested in large containment vessels or covered lagoons. Anaerobic digesters stabilize waste by the microbial reduction of complex organic compounds to CO2 and CH4, which is captured and may be flared or used as fuel. Anaerobic digestion systems, include but are not limited to covered lagoon, complete mix, plug flow, and fixed film digesters.

Anaerobic lagoon, with respect to subpart JJ of this part, means a type of liquid storage system component that is designed and operated to stabilize wastes using anaerobic microbial processes. Anaerobic lagoons may be designed for combined stabilization and storage with varying lengths of retention time (up to a year or greater), depending on the climate region, volatile solids loading rate, and other operational factors.

Anode effect is a process upset condition of an aluminum electrolysis cell caused by too little alumina dissolved in the electrolyte. The anode effect begins when the voltage rises rapidly and exceeds a threshold voltage, typically 8 volts.

Anode Effect Minutes per Cell Day (24 hours) are the total minutes during which an electrolysis cell voltage is above the threshold voltage, typically 8 volts.

ANSI means the American National Standards Institute.

API means the American Petroleum Institute.

ASABE means the American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers.

ASME means the American Society of Mechanical Engineers.

ASTM means the American Society of Testing and Materials.

Asphalt means a dark brown-to-black cement-like material obtained by petroleum processing and containing bitumens as the predominant component. It includes crude asphalt as well as the following finished products: cements, fluxes, the asphalt content of emulsions (exclusive of water), and petroleum distillates blended with asphalt to make cutback asphalts.

Aviation Gasoline means a complex mixture of volatile hydrocarbons, with or without additives, suitably blended to be used in aviation reciprocating engines. Specifications can be found in ASTM Specification D910-07a, Standard Specification for Aviation Gasolines (incorporated by reference, see § 98.7).

B₀ means the maximum CH₄ producing capacity of a waste stream, kg CH₄/kg COD.

Basic oxygen furnace means any refractory-lined vessel in which high-purity oxygen is blown under pressure through a bath of molten iron, scrap metal, and fluxes to produce steel.

bbl means barrel.

Biodiesel means a mono-akyl ester derived from biomass and conforming to ASTM D6751-08, Standard Specification for Biodiesel Fuel Blend Stock (B100) for Middle Distillate Fuels.

Biogenic CO₂ means carbon dioxide emissions generated as the result of biomass combustion from combustion units for which emission calculations are required by an applicable part 98 subpart.

Biomass means non-fossilized and biodegradable organic material originating from plants, animals or micro-organisms, including products, by-products, residues and waste from agriculture, forestry and related industries as well as the non-fossilized and biodegradable organic fractions of industrial and municipal wastes, including gases and liquids recovered from the decomposition of non-fossilized and biodegradable organic material.

Blast furnace means a furnace that is located at an integrated iron and steel plant and is used for the production of molten iron from iron ore pellets and other iron bearing materials.

Blendstocks are petroleum products used for blending or compounding into finished motor gasoline. These include RBOB (reformulated blendstock for oxygenate blending) and CBOB (conventional blendstock for oxygenate blending), but exclude oxygenates, butane, and pentanes plus.

Blendstocks—Others are products used for blending or compounding into finished motor gasoline that are not defined elsewhere. Excludes Gasoline Treated as Blendstock (GTAB), Diesel Treated as Blendstock (DTAB), conventional blendstock for oxygenate blending (CBOB), reformulated blendstock for oxygenate blending (RBOB), oxygenates (e.g. fuel ethanol and methyl tertiary butyl ether), butane, and pentanes plus.

Blowdown mean the act of emptying or depressuring a vessel. This may also refer to the discarded material such as blowdown water from a boiler or cooling tower.

Blowdown vent stack emissions mean natural gas and/or CO₂ released due to maintenance and/or blowdown operations including compressor blowdown and emergency shut-down (ESD) system testing.

British Thermal Unit or Btu means the quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of one pound of water by one degree Fahrenheit at about 39.2 degrees Fahrenheit.

Bulk, with respect to industrial GHG suppliers and CO2 suppliers, means the transfer of a product inside containers, including but not limited to tanks, cylinders, drums, and pressure vessels.

Bulk natural gas liquid or NGL refers to mixtures of hydrocarbons that have been separated from natural gas as liquids through the process of absorption, condensation, adsorption, or other methods. Generally, such liquids consist of ethane, propane, butanes, and pentanes plus. Bulk NGL is sold to fractionators or to refineries and petrochemical plants where the fractionation takes place.

Butane, or n-Butane, is a paraffinic straight-chain hydrocarbon with molecular formula C₄H₁₀.

Butylene, or n-Butylene, is an olefinic straight-chain hydrocarbon with molecular formula C₄H₈.

By-product coke oven battery means a group of ovens connected by common walls, where coal undergoes destructive distillation under positive pressure to produce coke and coke oven gas from which by-products are recovered.

Calcination means the process of thermally treating minerals to decompose carbonates from ore.

Calculation methodology means a methodology prescribed under the section “Calculating GHG Emissions” in any subpart of part 98.

Calibrated bag means a flexible, non-elastic, anti-static bag of a calibrated volume that can be affixed to an emitting source such that the emissions inflate the bag to its calibrated volume.

Carbon dioxide equivalent or CO₂e means the number of metric tons of CO₂ emissions with the same global warming potential as one metric ton of another greenhouse gas, and is calculated using Equation A-1 of this subpart.

Carbon dioxide production well means any hole drilled in the earth for the primary purpose of extracting carbon dioxide from a geologic formation or group of formations which contain deposits of carbon dioxide.

Carbon dioxide production well facility means one or more carbon dioxide production wells that are located on one or more contiguous or adjacent properties, which are under the control of the same entity. Carbon dioxide production wells located on different oil and gas leases, mineral fee tracts, lease tracts, subsurface or surface unit areas, surface fee tracts, surface lease tracts, or separate surface sites, whether or not connected by a road, waterway, power line, or pipeline, shall be considered part of the same CO₂ production well facility if they otherwise meet the definition.

Carbon dioxide stream means carbon dioxide that has been captured from an emission source (e.g. a power plant or other industrial facility) or extracted from a carbon dioxide production well plus incidental associated substances either derived from the source materials and the capture process or extracted with the carbon dioxide.

Carbon share means the percent of total mass that carbon represents in any product.

Carbonate means compounds containing the radical CO₃−2. Upon calcination, the carbonate radical decomposes to evolve carbon dioxide (CO₂). Common carbonates consumed in the mineral industry include calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) or calcite; magnesium carbonate (MgCO₃) or magnesite; and calcium-magnesium carbonate (CaMg(CO₃)₂) or dolomite.

Carbonate-based mineral means any of the following minerals used in the manufacture of glass: Calcium carbonate (CaCO₃), calcium magnesium carbonate (CaMg(CO₃)₂), sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃), barium carbonate (BaCO₃), potassium carbonate (K₂CO₃), lithium carbonate (Li₂CO₃), and strontium carbonate (SrCO₃).

Carbonate-based mineral mass fraction means the following: For limestone, the mass fraction of calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) in the limestone; for dolomite, the mass fraction of calcium magnesium carbonate (CaMg(CO₃)₂) in the dolomite; for soda ash, the mass fraction of sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃) in the soda ash; for barium carbonate, the mass fraction of barium carbonate (BaCO₃) in the barium carbonate; for potassium carbonate, the mass fraction of potassium carbonate (K₂CO₃) in the potassium carbonate; for lithium carbonate, the mass fraction of lithium carbonate (Li₂CO₃); and for strontium carbonate, the mass fraction of strontium carbonate (SrCO₃).

Carbonate-based raw material means any of the following materials used in the manufacture of glass: Limestone, dolomite, soda ash, barium carbonate, potassium carbonate, lithium carbonate, and strontium carbonate.

Carbonofluoridates means fluorinated GHGs that are composed of a -OCF(O) group (carbonyl group with a single-bonded oxygen atom and a fluorine atom) that is linked on the single-bonded oxygen to another hydrocarbon group in which one or more of the hydrogen atoms may be replaced by fluorine atoms.

Catalytic cracking unit means a refinery process unit in which petroleum derivatives are continuously charged and hydrocarbon molecules in the presence of a catalyst are fractured into smaller molecules, or react with a contact material suspended in a fluidized bed to improve feedstock quality for additional processing and the catalyst or contact material is continuously regenerated by burning off coke and other deposits. Catalytic cracking units include both fluidized bed systems, which are referred to as fluid catalytic cracking units (FCCU), and moving bed systems, which are also referred to as thermal catalytic cracking units. The unit includes the riser, reactor, regenerator, air blowers, spent catalyst or contact material stripper, catalyst or contact material recovery equipment, and regenerator equipment for controlling air pollutant emissions and for heat recovery.

CBOB-Summer (conventional blendstock for oxygenate blending) means a petroleum product which, when blended with a specified type and percentage of oxygenate, meets the definition of Conventional-Summer.

CBOB-Winter (conventional blendstock for oxygenate blending) means a petroleum product which, when blended with a specified type and percentage of oxygenate, meets the definition of Conventional-Winter.

Cement kiln dust means non-calcined to fully calcined dust produced in the kiln or pyroprocessing line. Cement kiln dust is a fine-grained, solid, highly alkaline material removed from the cement kiln exhaust gas by scrubbers (filtration baghouses and/or electrostatic precipitators).

Centrifugal compressor means any equipment that increases the pressure of a process natural gas or CO₂ by centrifugal action, employing rotating movement of the driven shaft.

Centrifugal compressor dry seal emissions mean natural gas or CO₂ released from a dry seal vent pipe and/or the seal face around the rotating shaft where it exits one or both ends of the compressor case.

Centrifugal compressor dry seals mean a series of rings around the compressor shaft where it exits the compressor case that operates mechanically under the opposing forces to prevent natural gas or CO₂ from escaping to the atmosphere.

Centrifugal compressor wet seal degassing vent emissions means emissions that occur when the high-pressure oil barriers for centrifugal compressors are depressurized to release absorbed natural gas or CO₂. High-pressure oil is used as a barrier against escaping gas in centrifugal compressor shafts. Very little gas escapes through the oil barrier, but under high pressure, considerably more gas is absorbed by the oil. The seal oil is purged of the absorbed gas (using heaters, flash tanks, and degassing techniques) and recirculated. The separated gas is commonly vented to the atmosphere.

Certified standards means calibration gases certified by the manufacturer of the calibration gases to be accurate to within 2 percent of the value on the label or calibration gases.

CH₄ means methane.

Chemical recovery combustion unit means a combustion device, such as a recovery furnace or fluidized-bed reactor where spent pulping liquor from sulfite or semi-chemical pulping processes is burned to recover pulping chemicals.

Chemical recovery furnace means an enclosed combustion device where concentrated spent liquor produced by the kraft or soda pulping process is burned to recover pulping chemicals and produce steam. Includes any recovery furnace that burns spent pulping liquor produced from both the kraft and soda pulping processes.

Chloride process means a production process where titanium dioxide is produced using calcined petroleum coke and chlorine as raw materials.

City gate means a location at which natural gas ownership or control passes from one party to another, neither of which is the ultimate consumer. In this rule, in keeping with common practice, the term refers to a point or measuring station at which a local gas distribution utility receives gas from a natural gas pipeline company or transmission system. Meters at the city gate station measure the flow of natural gas into the local distribution company system and typically are used to measure local distribution company system sendout to customers.

CO2 means carbon dioxide.

Coal means all solid fuels classified as anthracite, bituminous, sub-bituminous, or lignite by the American Society for Testing and Materials Designation ASTM D388-05 Standard Classification of Coals by Rank (incorporated by reference, see § 98.7).

COD means the chemical oxygen demand as determined using methods specified pursuant to 40 CFR part 136.

Cogeneration unit means a unit that produces electrical energy and useful thermal energy for industrial, commercial, or heating or cooling purposes, through the sequential or simultaneous use of the original fuel energy.

Coke burn-off means the coke removed from the surface of a catalyst by combustion during catalyst regeneration. Coke burn-off also means the coke combusted in fluid coking unit burner.

Cokemaking means the production of coke from coal in either a by-product coke oven battery or a non-recovery coke oven battery.

Commercial applications means executing a commercial transaction subject to a contract. A commercial application includes transferring custody of a product from one facility to another if it otherwise meets the definition.

Company records means, in reference to the amount of fuel consumed by a stationary combustion unit (or by a group of such units), a complete record of the methods used, the measurements made, and the calculations performed to quantify fuel usage. Company records may include, but are not limited to, direct measurements of fuel consumption by gravimetric or volumetric means, tank drop measurements, and calculated values of fuel usage obtained by measuring auxiliary parameters such as steam generation or unit operating hours. Fuel billing records obtained from the fuel supplier qualify as company records.

Connector means to flanged, screwed, or other joined fittings used to connect pipe line segments, tubing, pipe components (such as elbows, reducers, “T's” or valves) or a pipe line and a piece of equipment or an instrument to a pipe, tube or piece of equipment. A common connector is a flange. Joined fittings welded completely around the circumference of the interface are not considered connectors for the purpose of this part.

Container glass means glass made of soda-lime recipe, clear or colored, which is pressed and/or blown into bottles, jars, ampoules, and other products listed in North American Industry Classification System 327213 (NAICS 327213).

Continuous bleed means a continuous flow of pneumatic supply natural gas to the process control device (e.g. level control, temperature control, pressure control) where the supply gas pressure is modulated by the process condition, and then flows to the valve controller where the signal is compared with the process set-point to adjust gas pressure in the valve actuator.

Continuous emission monitoring system or CEMS means the total equipment required to sample, analyze, measure, and provide, by means of readings recorded at least once every 15 minutes, a permanent record of gas concentrations, pollutant emission rates, or gas volumetric flow rates from stationary sources.