ESG and war

Lisa Beth Lentini Walker (lisabeth@lumen-we.com) is the CEO of Lumen Worldwide Endeavors in Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA. 

The Cambridge Dictionary defines “war” as “armed fighting between two or more countries or groups.”[1]

Not all wars are formalized with official declarations. Oftentimes, there are euphemisms used such as “uprising,” “insurgency,” or “special military operation.” That said, not every ongoing armed conflict is classified as a war. Looking briefly at commonly accepted definitions, Uppsala Conflict Data Program defines “war” as “a state-based conflict or dyad which reaches at least 1000 battle-related deaths in a specific calendar year.”[2]

This document is only available to members. Please log in or become a member.
 


Would you like to read this entire article?

If you already subscribe to this publication, just log in. If not, let us send you an email with a link that will allow you to read the entire article for free. Just complete the following form.

* required field